What it is
BPA (bisphenol A) is a monomer used to make polycarbonate plastic and the epoxy linings of many food and beverage cans.
'BPA-free' products often substitute BPS, BPF, or BPAF — structural analogues that show similar endocrine activity in laboratory studies.
Why it matters
BPA behaves as a weak estrogen and interacts with the endocrine system at low doses.
The European Food Safety Authority in 2023 lowered its tolerable daily intake for BPA by a factor of 20,000 based on immune system effects.
Because bisphenols leach more from heated or scratched plastic and epoxy-lined cans, food contact is the primary exposure route for most people.
Common uses
- Polycarbonate water bottles and food containers
- Epoxy linings of canned foods and beverages
- Thermal receipt paper
- Some medical devices
Safety considerations
- Prefer glass, stainless steel, or BPA-free polypropylene for hot foods and liquids.
- Do not microwave in plastic containers, even those marketed as 'microwave safe.'
- Reduce reliance on canned foods where feasible, especially tomatoes and other acidic contents.
Where you meet it in the home
- Kitchen — canned foods, plastic containers, water bottles
- Office — thermal receipts
- Nursery — legacy baby bottles (banned in the U.S. since 2012)
Related categories
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Frequently asked questions
Is BPA-free plastic actually safe?
It is BPA-free, but many replacements (BPS, BPF) show similar endocrine activity in lab studies. Glass and stainless steel remain the more conservative default.
Are BPA linings still in canned food?
Some manufacturers have moved to non-BPA linings, but disclosure varies. Brands that publish their can-lining chemistry are the exception, not the rule.
Editorial references
- European Food Safety Authority — Re-evaluation of BPA (2023)
- U.S. FDA — Bisphenol A in food packaging
Last updated 2026-07-18.